TITLE 2. JUDICIAL BRANCH SUBTITLE D. JUDICIAL PERSONNEL AND OFFICIALS CHAPTER 51. CLERKS SUBCHAPTER A. CLERK OF SUPREME COURT Sec. 51.001. APPOINTMENT; RESIDENCE; BOND; SEAL. (a) The order appointing the clerk of the supreme court must be recorded in the minutes of the court. (b) The clerk must reside at Austin. (c) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 285, Sec. 31(6). (d) The clerk shall provide a seal for the use of the supreme court. The seal must have a five-pointed star and must be engraved with the words "Supreme Court of the State of Texas." Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 285, Sec. 31(6), eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Sec. 51.002. CLERK PRO TEMPORE; DEPUTY CLERK. (a) The supreme court, when necessary, may appoint a clerk pro tempore. (b) The supreme court, by an order recorded in the minutes of the court, may authorize the clerk to appoint three deputy clerks who may discharge the duties required by law of the clerk. Each deputy clerk must give a bond that is approved by the supreme court and is in the same amount and subject to the same conditions as required for the bond of the clerk of the court. A deputy clerk serves at the will of the court. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.003. REMOVAL OF CLERK. (a) The supreme court by motion may remove the clerk for neglect of duty or misconduct in office. The motion must specify the particular charges. (b) Before the court may act on the motion, it must give the clerk at least 10 days' notice of the motion, including the particular charges. (c) In acting on the motion, the court determines the law and facts. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.004. DUTIES. The clerk of the supreme court shall: (1) file and carefully preserve the transcripts of records certified to the supreme court and papers relative to the record; (2) docket causes in the order in which the supreme court directs; (3) faithfully record the proceedings and decisions of the supreme court; and (4) certify the judgments of the supreme court to the courts from which the cases were brought. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.005. FEES AND COSTS. (a) The clerk shall collect the fees described in Subsection (b) in a civil case before the court for the following services: (1) filing records, applications, motions, briefs, and other necessary and proper papers; (2) docketing and making docket and minute book entries; (3) issuing notices, citations, processes, and mandates; and (4) performing other necessary clerical duties. (b) The fees are: (1) application for writ of error $ 50(2) additional fee if application for writ of error is granted $ 75(3) motion for leave to file petition for writ of mandamus, prohibition, injunction, and other similar proceedings originating in the supreme court $ 50(4) additional fee if a motion under Subdivision (3) is granted $ 75(5) certified question from a court of appeals to the supreme court $ 75(6) case appealed to the supreme court from the district court by direct appeal$100(7) any other proceeding filed in the supreme court $ 75. (c) In addition, the clerk of the supreme court shall collect: (1) a fee of $5 for administering an oath and giving a sealed certificate of the oath; (2) a minimum fee of $5, or 50 cents per page if more than 10 pages, for making copies of any papers of record in offices, including certificate and seal; and (3) a reasonable fee fixed by the order or rule of the supreme court for any official service performed by the clerk for which a fee is not otherwise provided by this section. (d) The clerk shall collect and pay into the state treasury the fees and costs received under this section by the clerk under rules prescribed by the comptroller of public accounts, approved by the justices of the supreme court, and recorded in the minutes of the court. The comptroller shall deposit the fees and costs in the judicial fund. (e) The supreme court shall provide by order or rule for the making of deposits to cover the costs provided by this section in cases before the court. A deposit may not be required in a case in which the petitioner, relator, or appellant in the supreme court is exempt from the bond requirement. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1986, 69th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 11, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 22, 1986. Sec. 51.0051. ADDITIONAL FEES. (a) In addition to other fees authorized or required by law, the clerk of the supreme court shall collect an additional fee on the filing of any application or proceeding otherwise requiring a filing fee, including an appeal. The additional fee is set by order or rule of the supreme court in an amount necessary to defray costs and expenses incurred in the operation of the court, not to exceed $50. (b) The clerk shall collect fees imposed under this section in the same manner as other fees, fines, or costs are collected in the proceeding and shall send the fees imposed under this section to the comptroller not later than the last day of the month following each calendar quarter. The comptroller shall deposit the fees received to the credit of the judicial fund. (c) The comptroller shall establish a supreme court support account in the judicial fund. Fees received under this section may be appropriated only to the supreme court support account, and the comptroller shall allocate to the account amounts as designated in the General Appropriations Act from the judicial fund that were deposited under this section. (d) The supreme court shall administer the funds deposited under this section and appropriated to the supreme court support account. The chief justice may make disbursements from the account for court-related purposes to defray costs and expenses incurred in the operation of the supreme court. (e) The supreme court shall file an accounting with the Legislative Budget Board not later than November 1 following each state fiscal year showing disbursements made from the supreme court support account during the previous state fiscal year and the purpose of each disbursement. The expenditures are subject to audit by the comptroller and the state auditor. Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1408, Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Sec. 51.006. FEE FOR ATTORNEY'S LICENSE OR CERTIFICATE. The clerk shall collect a fee of $10 for the issuance of an attorney's license or certificate affixed with a seal. The fee shall be held by the clerk and expended by the supreme court or under the direction of the court for the preparation and issuance, including mailing, of the license or certificate. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.007. VACANCY DURING VACATION. If the office of clerk becomes vacant during vacation, the chief justice and one justice shall appoint an individual to serve as clerk until a regular appointment is made. The individual appointed must give the bond and oath prescribed for the regular clerk. The bond must be approved by a justice of the court. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. SUBCHAPTER B. CLERK OF COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS Sec. 51.101. OATH; BOND. The clerk of the court of criminal appeals must sign the oath prescribed for officers of this state and must give a bond in the amount of $5,000. The bond must be approved by the court of criminal appeals and is subject to the same conditions as the bond required of the clerk of the supreme court. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.102. DEPUTY CLERK. (a) The court of criminal appeals, or the clerk of the court of criminal appeals with the court's approval, may appoint a stenographer employed by the court to act as a deputy clerk to perform the clerk's duties during the absence, illness, or other disability of the clerk. (b) The stenographer appointed deputy clerk shall perform the duties of the clerk in the name of the clerk and shall sign his own name as deputy clerk after signing the clerk's name. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.103. REMOVAL OF CLERK. The court of criminal appeals may remove the clerk for good cause, entered in the minutes of the court. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.104. DUTIES AND LIABILITIES. (a) The clerk of the court of criminal appeals shall perform the like duties for the court of criminal appeals that the clerk of the supreme court performs for the supreme court. (b) The clerk of the court of criminal appeals is subject to the liabilities prescribed for the clerk of the supreme court. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.105. ELECTRONIC STORAGE. (a) In the performance of the duties imposed by Section 51.104, the clerk of the court of criminal appeals may maintain writs and other records and documents in an electronic storage format. If the clerk electronically stores writs, records, or documents, the clerk may destroy the originals or copies of the writs, records, or documents according to the retention policy described by Subsection (b). (b) The clerk of the court of criminal appeals shall establish a records retention policy. The retention policy shall provide a plan for the storage and retention of writs and other documents and shall include a retention period to preserve the writs and other records in accordance with state law and applicable rules of the court of criminal appeals. (c) For purposes of this section, "electronic storage" means the maintenance of data in the form of digital electronic signals on a computer hard disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, or similar machine-readable medium. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 718, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. SUBCHAPTER C. CLERKS OF COURTS OF APPEALS Sec. 51.201. APPOINTMENT; RESIDENCE; BOND; SEAL. (a) An order appointing a clerk of a court of appeals must be recorded in the minutes of the court. (b) The clerk must reside within a county that is part of the court of appeals district of the court of appeals making the appointment. (c) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 285, Sec. 31(7). (d) Each clerk shall provide a seal for the use of the court. The seal must have a five-pointed star and must be engraved with the words "Court of Appeals of the State of Texas." Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 148, Sec. 1.61, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 285, Sec. 31(7), eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 921, Sec. 7.001, eff. September 1, 2007. Sec. 51.202. CLERK PRO TEMPORE; DEPUTY CLERK. (a) A court of appeals, when necessary, may appoint a clerk pro tempore. (b) With the approval of the court, the clerk may appoint deputy clerks as provided by legislative appropriation. A deputy clerk must give a bond to the clerk, conditioned on the faithful performance of the duties of office. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.203. REMOVAL OF CLERK. (a) After motion and a hearing, a court of appeals may remove its clerk for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office. The motion must specify the particular charges. (b) The court must give the clerk at least 10 days' notice of the hearing. (c) At the hearing, the court determines the law and facts. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.204. RECORDS OF COURT. (a) The clerk of a court of appeals shall: (1) file and carefully preserve records certified to the court and papers relative to the record; (2) docket causes in the order in which they are filed; (3) record the proceedings of the court except opinions and orders on motions; and (4) certify the judgments of the court to the proper courts. (b) On the issuance of the mandate in each case, the clerk shall notify the attorneys of record in the case that: (1) exhibits submitted to the court by a party may be withdrawn by that party or the party's attorney of record; and (2) exhibits on file with the court will be destroyed three years after final disposition of the case or at an earlier date if ordered by the court. (c) Not sooner than the 60th day and not later than the 90th day after the date of final disposition of a criminal case, the clerk shall remove and destroy all duplicate papers in the file on record of that case. (d) Six years after the final disposition of a civil case in the court, the clerk shall, not sooner than the 90th day after the date the clerk provides notice to the district or county clerk, destroy all records filed in the court related to the case except: (1) records that the clerk of the trial court requests be returned to the trial court for preservation in accordance with records retention schedules for records of district and county clerks issued under Section 441.158 and applicable rules of the supreme court; (2) records that, in the opinion of the clerk or other person designated by the court, contain highly concentrated, unique, and valuable information unlikely to be found in any other source available to researchers; (3) indexes, original opinions, minutes, and general court dockets unless the documents are microfilmed in accordance with this section for permanent retention, in which case the original document shall be destroyed; and (4) other records of the court determined to be archival state records under Section 441.186. (e) Twenty-five years after the final disposition of a criminal case to which this subsection applies, the clerk shall destroy all records relating to the case, other than a record described by Subsection (d)(2), (3), or (4). This subsection applies to a criminal case in which the sentence, suspended sentence, term of community supervision, combined sentence and term of community supervision, cumulative sentences or terms of community supervision, or the longest sentence or term of community supervision of two or more sentences or terms of community supervision to be served concurrently is 20 years or less. (f) The clerk shall retain other records of the court, such as financial records, administrative correspondence, and other materials not related to particular cases in accordance with Section 441.185. (g) Before microfilming records, the clerk must submit a plan in writing to the justices of a court of appeals for that purpose. If a majority of the justices of a court of appeals determines that the plan meets the requirements of Section 441.188, rules adopted under that section, and any additional standards and procedures the justices may require, the justices shall inform the clerk in writing and the clerk may adopt the plan. The decision of the justices must be entered in the minutes of the court. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 873, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 408, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Sec. 51.206. LAW LIBRARY. (a) Each clerk of a court of appeals is the librarian of the court and shall keep the books in the court's library in good order and catalogue them. (b) The clerk may purchase additional law books for the use of the court from the fees collected by the court. Those expenditures may not exceed annually the specific amounts additionally authorized for the purchase of law books in the General Appropriations Act. (c) All fees collected for the purchase of law books shall be deposited in the state treasury to the credit of the appropriate court. Book expenditures shall be made on a warrant drawn on the state treasury by the state comptroller as provided by the judiciary section of the General Appropriations Act. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.207. FEES AND COSTS. (a) The clerk of a court of appeals shall collect the fees described in Subsection (b) in a civil case before the court for the following services: (1) filing records, applications, motions, briefs, and other necessary and proper papers; (2) docketing and making docket and minute book entries; (3) issuing notices, citations, processes, and mandates; (4) preparing transcripts on application for writ of error to the supreme court; and (5) performing other necessary clerical duties. (b) The fees are: (1) for cases appealed to and filed in the court of appeals from the district and county courts within its court of appeals district$100(2) motion for leave to file petition for writ of mandamus, prohibition, injunction, and other similar proceedings originating in the court of appeals $ 50(3) additional fee if the motion under Subdivision (2) is granted $ 75(4) motion to file or to extend time to file record on appeal from district or county court $ 10 (c) In addition, the clerk of a court of appeals shall collect: (1) a fee of $5 for administering an oath and giving a sealed certificate of the oath; (2) a fee of $5, or $1 per page if more than five pages, for a certified copy of any papers of record in the court offices, including certificate and seal; (3) a fee of $5, or $1 per page if more than five pages, for comparing any document with the original filed in the offices of the court for purposes of certification; and (4) a reasonable fee fixed by the order or rule of the supreme court for any official service performed by the clerk for which a fee is not otherwise provided by this section. (d) The supreme court shall provide by order or rule for the making of deposits to cover the costs provided by this section in cases before a court of appeals. A deposit may not be required in a case in which the petitioner, relator, appellant, or movant in the court of appeals is exempt from the bond requirement. (e) The clerk of a court of appeals shall pay into the state treasury the fees and costs under rules prescribed by the comptroller of public accounts and approved by the justices of the clerk's court. The clerk shall make a sworn report to the court not later than January 10 and July 10 of each year regarding the amount of costs collected in the previous six months, the cases in which the costs were collected, and the disposition of the costs. This report shall be filed with the financial records of the court. (f) Repealed by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 148, Sec. 2.66, eff. Sept. 1, 1987. (g) One-half of the fees collected under this section shall be deposited to the credit of the judicial fund. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1986, 69th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 11, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 22, 1986; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 148, Sec. 1.62, 2.66, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1080, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Sec. 51.208. ADDITIONAL FEES. (a) The clerk of a court of appeals shall collect an additional fee on the filing of any case appealed to and filed in the court of appeals that otherwise requires a filing fee. The additional fee is in an amount equal to the amount of the additional fee set by order or rule of the supreme court and imposed under Section 51.0051. (b) The clerk shall collect fees imposed under this section in the same manner as other fees, fines, or costs are collected in the proceeding and shall send the fees imposed under this section to the comptroller not later than the last day of the month following each calendar quarter. The comptroller shall deposit the fees received to the credit of the judicial fund. (c) Fees received under this section may be appropriated only to the supreme court support account established under Section 51.0051. The comptroller shall allocate to the account amounts as designated in the General Appropriations Act from the judicial fund that were deposited under this section. (d) The supreme court shall administer the funds deposited under this section and appropriated to the supreme court support account in the manner provided by Section 51.0051. Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1408, Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. SUBCHAPTER D. DISTRICT CLERKS Sec. 51.301. VACANCY; BOND; SEAL; SIGNATURE OF CLERK. (a) If a vacancy occurs in the office of district clerk, the vacancy shall be filled by the district judge of the county. (b) If a vacancy in the office of district clerk occurs in a county that has two or more district courts, the vacancy shall be filled by agreement of the judges of the courts. If the judges cannot agree on an appointee, they shall certify that fact to the governor, who shall order a special election to fill the vacancy. (c) An appointee to fill a vacancy in the office of district clerk must qualify and give a bond. (d) Each district clerk shall be provided with a seal for the district court. The seal must have a five-pointed star and must be engraved with the words "District Court of __________ County, Texas." The seal shall be impressed on all process issued by the court except subpoenas and shall be kept and used by the clerk to authenticate official acts. The seal may be created using an electronic means, including by using an optical disk or another electronic reproduction technique, if the means by which the seal is impressed on an original document created using the same type of electronic means does not allow for changes, additions, or deletions to be made to the document. (e) The signature of the district clerk may be affixed on an original document using electronic means, provided that the means by which the signature is affixed meets the requirements of Subsection (d) with respect to creating a seal by electronic means. (f) A seal impressed or a signature affixed by electronic means may be delivered or transmitted electronically. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 25, Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 25, Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Sec. 51.302. BOND; OATH; INSURANCE. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (g), before beginning the duties of office, each district clerk must give a bond with two or more sufficient sureties or with a surety company authorized to do business in this state as a surety. The bond must: (1) be payable to the governor; (2) be conditioned on the faithful performance of the duties of the office; (3) be approved by the commissioners court; and (4) be in an amount equal to not less than 20 percent of the maximum amount of fees collected in any year during the term of office immediately preceding the term of office for which the bond is given, except that the bond may not be in an amount less than $5,000 nor more than $100,000. (b) The district clerk must take and sign the oath prescribed for officers of this state, which must be endorsed on the bond, if a bond is required, and the bond and oath, or oath, must be filed and recorded in the office of the county clerk. (c) Each district clerk shall obtain an insurance policy or similar coverage from a governmental pool operating under Chapter 119, Local Government Code, or from a self-insurance fund or risk retention group created by one or more governmental units under Chapter 1084, Acts of the 70th Legislature, Regular Session, 1987 (Article 715c, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes), to cover the district clerk and any deputy clerk against liabilities incurred through errors or omissions in the performance of official duties. The amount of the policy or other coverage document must be equal to the maximum amount of fees collected in any year during the term of office immediately preceding the term for which the insurance is obtained, except that the amount of the policy or other coverage document must be at least $20,000 but not more than $700,000. If the policy or other coverage document provides coverage for other county officials, the amount of the policy must be at least $1 million. (d) Each district clerk shall obtain an insurance policy or similar coverage from a governmental pool operating under Chapter 119, Local Government Code, or from a self-insurance fund or risk retention group created by one or more governmental units under Chapter 1084, Acts of the 70th Legislature, Regular Session, 1987 (Article 715c, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes), to cover losses from burglary, theft, robbery, counterfeit currency, or destruction. The amount of the policy or other coverage document must be at least $20,000 but not more than $700,000. (e) The commissioners court may establish a contingency fund to provide the coverage required by Subsection (c) or (d) if it is determined by the district clerk that insurance coverage is unavailable at a reasonable cost. The commissioners court may set an additional filing fee in an amount not to exceed $5 for each suit filed to be collected by the district clerk. The fee shall be paid into the fund. When the contingency fund reaches an amount equal to that required by Subsection (c) or (d), the clerk shall stop collecting the additional fee. (f) The commissioners court shall pay the premiums on the bonds and insurance policies or other similar coverage required under this section from the county general fund. (g) In lieu of the bond required by Subsection (a), the county may self-insure against losses that would have been covered by the bond. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 71, Sec. 3, 4, eff. May 7, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 561, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 30, 1993; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1062, Sec. 1, eff. June 18, 1999. Sec. 51.303. DUTIES AND POWERS. (a) The clerk of a district court has custody of and shall carefully maintain and arrange the records relating to or lawfully deposited in the clerk's office. (b) The clerk of a district court shall: (1) record the acts and proceedings of the court; (2) enter all judgments of the court under the direction of the judge; and (3) record all executions issued and the returns on the executions. (c) The district clerk shall keep an index of the parties to all suits filed in the court. The index must list the parties alphabetically using their full names and must be cross-referenced to the other parties to the suit. In addition, a reference must be made opposite each name to the minutes on which is entered the judgment in the case. (d) Repealed by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 1.05, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. (e) The clerk of a district court may: (1) take the depositions of witnesses; and (2) perform other duties imposed on the clerk by law. (f) In addition to the other powers and duties of this section, a district clerk shall accept applications for protective orders under Chapter 71, Family Code. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 354, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 31, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1248, Sec. 35, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 1.05, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 1024, Sec. 20, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 51.3031. ISSUANCE OF UNITED STATES PASSPORTS. (a) A district clerk may perform all duties necessary to process an application for a United States passport, including taking passport photographs. (b) To recover the costs of taking passport photographs, a district clerk may collect a reasonable fee in an amount set by the commissioners court of the county in which the district clerk's office is located. (c) A district clerk, after collecting a fee under Subsection (b), shall pay the fee to the county treasurer, or to an official who discharges the duties of the county treasurer, for deposit in the general fund of the county. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 179, Sec. 1, eff. May 21, 1999. Sec. 51.304. PRESERVATION OF RECORDS. (a) The district clerk may, pursuant to the clerk's duty to record the acts and proceedings of the court, provide a plan for the storage of records, acts, proceedings, minutes of the court, and registers, records, and instruments for which the clerk is responsible by law, by microfilm, image processing technology, or other process that correctly and legibly reproduces or that forms a medium for copying or reproducing or by optical data storage. The plan must be in writing and provide for the maintenance, retention, security, retrieval, and reproduction of stored records. (b) The plan must: (1) require the recording and filing of original instruments, records, and minutes within a specified time after presentation to the district clerk; (2) permit the use of original paper records in a proceeding before the court; (3) provide standards for the organizing, identifying, coding, and indexing of records so a record can be retrieved rapidly and the reproduced record can be certified as a true and correct copy; (4) provide for the use of materials to reproduce records and, if appropriate to the method by which records are stored, provide for the use of processes relating to the development, fixation, and washing of the photographic duplicates, that are of a quality approved for permanent photographic records by the American National Standards Institute, or another nationally recognized entity that establishes archival standards for mediums used to store data and records; and (5) provide for the permanent retention of records, including security provisions to guard against physical loss, alteration, and deterioration. (c) Repealed by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1248, Sec. 85(3), eff. Sept. 1, 1989. (d) A reproduction of a record stored in accordance with the provisions of a plan adopted under this section is an original record and shall be accepted as an original record by the courts and administrative agencies of this state. (e) A transcript, exemplification, copy, or reproduction on paper or film of a record stored in accordance with the provisions of a plan adopted under this section is a certified copy of the original record. (f), (g) Repealed by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1248, Sec. 85(3), eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 978, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 28, 1989. Sec. 51.306. RECORDING PROCEEDINGS OF MORE THAN ONE COURT. (a) A district clerk who has duties in more than one district court may combine the minutes of the civil business of the courts into one record. The clerk may also combine the minutes of the criminal business of the courts into a separate record. (b) The clerk shall enter the minutes into the appropriate record sequentially, regardless of the district court from which the business originates. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.307. TRANSFERRED JUDGMENTS. If a district clerk receives a certified copy of a judgment rendered in a county court in which jurisdiction has been transferred to the district court, the district clerk shall immediately record the judgment in the minutes of the district court. The district court shall enforce the judgment in the same manner as judgments rendered in the district court. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.308. CLERK PRO TEMPORE. If a district clerk is a party to an action in a court he serves, the district judge, on the application of any interested person or on the judge's own motion, may appoint a clerk pro tempore for the purposes of the action. The clerk pro tempore must take an oath to faithfully and impartially perform the duties of the appointment and must give a bond, payable to the State of Texas, conditioned on the faithful performance of those duties, in an amount fixed and approved by the judge. The clerk pro tempore shall perform the duties of the district clerk relating to the action during the period of the appointment. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.309. DEPUTY CLERK. (a) The district clerk may appoint deputy clerks. Each appointment must be in writing under the hand and seal of the district court and must be recorded in the office of the county clerk. A deputy clerk must take the oath prescribed for officers of this state. A deputy clerk may perform in the name of the district clerk all official acts of the office of district clerk. (b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), the district clerk shall obtain a surety bond to cover a deputy clerk or a schedule surety bond or a blanket surety bond to cover more than one deputy and all employees of the office. A deputy clerk and an employee must be covered on the same conditions and in the same amount as the district clerk. The bond covering the deputies and employees shall be made payable to the governor for the use and benefit of the district clerk. (c) In lieu of the bond required by Subsection (b), the county may self-insure against losses that would have been covered by the bond. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 71, Sec. 5, 6, eff. May 7, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 199, Sec. 2, eff. May 19, 1993. Sec. 51.310. DEPUTY DISTRICT CLERKS OF BEXAR COUNTY. (a) The district clerk of Bexar County shall appoint one or more deputy clerks to serve each district court in Bexar County. Persons appointed deputy clerk must be acceptable to the judges. An appointment of a clerk to serve a particular court must be confirmed in writing by the judge of that court. Before assuming the duties of office, a deputy clerk must take the oath prescribed for officers of this state. (b) The district clerk may require a deputy clerk to give a bond. The district clerk may prescribe the conditions and amount of the bond, or those terms may be set as otherwise provided by law. (c) The deputy clerk shall perform the official duties of the district clerk and shall attend each session of the court to which the deputy is appointed. The deputy clerk shall also perform services requested by a judge. (d) The deputy clerks may act for each other in any matter pertaining to the clerical business of the courts or when requested to do so by a judge or the district clerk. A deputy clerk acting for another deputy clerk may not receive additional compensation. (e) A deputy clerk serves at the pleasure of the judge of the court the deputy serves. If the office of a deputy clerk becomes vacant, the district clerk shall appoint another deputy clerk in the manner provided for initial appointments. (f) The district clerk shall fix the annual salary of the deputy clerk of each court. The salary must be approved by the commissioners court and shall be paid in equal installments twice monthly from the county fund established for the purpose. (g) This section does not prevent the district clerk from appointing additional deputy clerks to any of the courts if necessary or if requested by the judge of one of the courts. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.311. SPECIAL DEPUTY DISTRICT CLERK IN LUBBOCK AND NUECES COUNTIES. (a) In Lubbock and Nueces counties, the district clerk shall appoint, at the request of a district judge, a special deputy district clerk to serve that judge's court. (b) The salary of a special deputy clerk appointed under this section shall be paid out of the general fund of the county. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.312. SPECIAL DEPUTY DISTRICT CLERK IN DALLAS, EL PASO, HARRIS, TARRANT, AND TRAVIS COUNTIES. (a) In Dallas, El Paso, Harris, Tarrant, and Travis counties, the district clerk may appoint, at the request of a district judge, a special deputy district clerk to serve that judge's court. (b) The salary of a special deputy clerk appointed under this section shall be paid out of the general fund of the county. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.313. SPECIAL DEPUTY DISTRICT CLERK IN COLLIN AND DENTON COUNTIES. (a) In Collin and Denton counties, the district clerk may appoint, at the request of a district judge, a special deputy district clerk to serve that judge's court. (b) The salary of a special deputy clerk appointed under this section shall be paid out of the general fund of the county. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.314. SPECIAL DEPUTY DISTRICT CLERK IN GALVESTON COUNTY. The Commissioners Court of Galveston County may pay for the services of a special deputy district clerk if the commissioners court considers a deputy clerk necessary. The clerk of the court in which the deputy clerk serves shall appoint the deputy clerk. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.315. SPECIAL DEPUTY DISTRICT CLERKS FOR CERTAIN COURTS IN HARRIS COUNTY. (a) The Commissioners Court of Harris County may pay the salary of the special deputy district clerks that it considers necessary for the 177th, 178th, 179th, and 180th district courts. (b) The clerk of the court shall appoint a deputy district clerk under this section. (c) A deputy district clerk serves at the will of the appointing clerk. (d) A deputy district clerk is entitled to a salary from the county paid monthly from the general funds of the county. The salary may not exceed the compensation allowed by law to other deputy district clerks. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.316. DEPUTY CLERK AND ASSISTANT IN HIDALGO, JEFFERSON, AND NUECES COUNTIES. (a) In Hidalgo, Jefferson, and Nueces counties, the district clerk may apply in writing to the district judges in the county to appoint a deputy district clerk or an assistant. The application must state the number of deputies or assistants to be appointed and the probable receipts and disbursements of the office. If a majority of the judges approve the appointment, they shall certify the list to the commissioners court. The application and the order approving the application must be recorded in the minutes of the district court. (b) A deputy clerk or assistant appointed under this section shall perform the duties required by the district clerk and serves at the pleasure of the district clerk. A deputy clerk or assistant may not be employed except as provided by this section. (c) An assistant appointed under this section must take the oath prescribed for officers of this state. (d) The salary of an assistant appointed under this section shall be paid out of the general fund or the officers' salary fund of the county. The salary of a court clerk, index clerk, or clerk handling the jury shall be paid out of the general fund or the jury fund. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.317. FEES DUE AT FILING. (a) The district clerk shall collect at the time the suit or action is filed the fees provided by Subsections (b) and (b-1) for services performed by the clerk. (b) The fees are: (1) except as provided by Subsection (b-1), for filing a suit, including an appeal from an inferior court $50 (2) for filing a cross-action, counterclaim, intervention, contempt action, motion for new trial, or third-party petition $15 (3) for issuing a citation or other writ or process not otherwise provided for, including one copy, when requested at the time a suit or action is filed $8 (4) for records management and preservation $10. (b-1) The fees for filing a suit, including an appeal from an inferior court, are: (1) $75, for a suit with at least 11 but not more than 25 plaintiffs; (2) $100, for a suit with at least 26 but not more than 100 plaintiffs; (3) $125, for a suit with at least 101 but not more than 500 plaintiffs; (4) $150, for a suit with at least 501 but not more than 1,000 plaintiffs; and (5) $200, for a suit with more than 1,000 plaintiffs. (c) The district clerk, after collecting a fee under Subsection (b)(4), shall pay the fee to the county treasurer, or to an official who discharges the duties commonly delegated to the county treasurer, for deposit as follows: (1) $5 to the county records management and preservation fund for records management and preservation, including automation, in various county offices; and (2) $5 to the district clerk records management and preservation fund for records management and preservation services performed by the district clerk when a case or document is filed in the records office of the district clerk. (d) A fee deposited in accordance with Subsection (c) may be used only to provide funds for specific records management and preservation, including for automation purposes, on approval by the commissioners court of a budget as provided by Chapter 111, Local Government Code. (e) An expenditure from a records management and preservation fund must comply with Subchapter C, Chapter 262, Local Government Code. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1986, 69th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 11, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 22, 1986; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 186, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 675, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 976, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 732, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1080, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 804, Sec. 3, eff. June 17, 2005. Sec. 51.318. FEES DUE WHEN SERVICE PERFORMED OR REQUESTED. (a) In addition to a fee under Section 51.317 the district clerk shall collect at the time the service is performed or at the time the service is requested the fees provided by Subsection (b) for services performed by the clerk. (b) The fees are: (1) for issuing a subpoena, including one copy$8(2) for issuing a citation, commission for deposition, writ of execution, order of sale, writ of execution and order of sale, writ of injunction, writ of garnishment, writ of attachment, or writ of sequestration not provided for in Section 51.317, or any other writ or process not otherwise provided for, including one copy if required by law$8(3) for searching files or records to locate a cause when the docket number is not provided$5(4) for searching files or records to ascertain the existence of an instrument or record in the district clerk's office$5(5) for abstracting a judgment$8(6) for approving a bond$4(7) for a certified copy of a record, judgment, order, pleading, or paper on file or of record in the district clerk's office, including certificate and seal, for each page or part of a page$1(8) for a noncertified copy, for each page or part of a pagenot to exceed $1. (c) The fee is the obligation of the party to the suit or action initiating the request. (d) The district clerk may accept a bond as security for a fee imposed under this section. (e) The district clerk may not charge the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service a fee for a copy of any document on file or of record in the clerk's office relating to an individual's criminal history, regardless of whether the document is certified. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 186, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 465, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 30, 1993; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 1.02, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 976, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Sec. 51.319. OTHER FEES. The district clerk shall collect the following fees for services performed by the clerk: (1) for performing services related to the matter of the estate of a deceased person or a minor transacted in the district court, the same fees allowed the county clerk for those services; (2) for serving process by certified or registered mail, the same fee that sheriffs and constables are authorized to charge for the service under Section 118.131, Local Government Code; and (3) for performing any other service prescribed or authorized by law for which no fee is set by law, a reasonable fee. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 1.03, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec. 51.3195. COPIES OF COURT RECORDS PRESERVED ONLY ON MICROFILM OR BY ELECTRONIC METHOD. (a) On the written request of a party in an action, the district clerk shall provide the court with a copy of a motion, order, or other pleading in the action that is preserved only on microfilm or by other electronic means. The request must specify the document sought and the approximate date that the document was filed. (b) The district clerk may not charge a fee for a copy made under this section. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1356, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Sec. 51.320. BILL FOR SERVICES. A fee under this subchapter is not payable until the district clerk produces, or is ready to produce, a bill for services that contains the particulars of the fee charged before payment of the fee is required. The bill must be signed by the clerk or the clerk's successor in office or legal representative who charges the fee or to whom the fee is due. Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Sec. 51.322. REMOVAL. A court rendering a judgment removing a district clerk under Article V, Section 9, of the Texas Constitution shall include in the judgment an order removing the clerk. Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 2, Sec. 8.28(a), eff. Aug. 28, 1989. SUBCHAPTER E. COUNTY CLERKS Sec. 51.401. CLERK PRO TEMPORE. If a county clerk is a party to an action in the court he serves, the county judge, on the application of any interested person or on the judge's own motion, shall appoint a clerk pro tempore for the purposes of the action. The clerk pro tempore must take an oath to faithfully and impartially perform the duties of the appointment and must give a bond conditioned on the faithful performance of those duties in an amount fixed and approved by the judge. The bond must be payable to the State of Texas. A clerk pro tempore shall perform the duties of the clerk during the period of the appointment. |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| 713-697-4373 TOLL FREE 1-(866)-454-7312 Principal Office 2016 Main St. #808 Houston, Texas 77002 |
| Houston Criminal Attorney Andy Nolen 17 YEARS COURTROOM EXPERIENCE HELPING HOUSTONIANS |
| ANDY NOLEN HOUSTON CRIMINAL LAWYER OVER 17 YEARS CRIMINAL LAW EXPERIENCE LICENSED IN BOTH STATE AND FEDERAL COURT |
| CRIMINAL COURTS ARE DIFFERENT If you have a criminal case, you need a lawyer with experience in criminal courts. Houston Criminal Attorney Andy Nolen has over 15 years criminal law experience. |
| I, Andy Nolen, pledge that I will provide you with vigorous representation, and be by your side throughout this entire process. I will fight for you both in and out of the courtroom and do everything within my power to protect your constitutional rights. |
| LINK ROLL: Houston Criminal Defense Attorneys Solving Problems Texas Lawyers helping children in courtrooms Houston Drug Charges and Rehabilitation |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| One of Houston's Top Attorneys for Probation Violation Cases. In most cases there is no appeal from a decision to revoke your probation. You MUST win your case. Call Attorney Andy Nolen - He WILL help keep you out of jail. 713-697-4373 |
| The Houston, Texas, law firm of Andy Nolen, represents people who have been accused of a state crime in Texas, including in communities such as League City, Angleton, Pearland, Alvin, Clear Lake, Sugar Land, The Woodlands, Baytown, Pasadena, Memorial, Spring Branch, River Oaks, West University, and Bellaire. Counties that this firm serves include: Galveston County • Fort Bend County • Montgomery County • Brazoria County • Harris County. Cases handled include: Domestic Violence, Theft, Shoplifting, Drunk Driving, Evading Arrest. All misdemeanors including DWI, also called DUI and all Felonies. |