SESSIONS.
(a) Members of the Legislature shall receive from the Public Treasury a salary of Six Hundred
Dollars ($600) per month, unless a greater amount is recommended by the Texas Ethics
Commission and approved by the voters of this State in which case the salary is that amount.
Each member shall also receive a per diem set by the Texas Ethics Commission for each day
during each Regular and Special Session of the Legislature.
(b) No Regular Session shall be of longer duration than one hundred and forty (140) days.
(c) In addition to the per diem the Members of each House shall be entitled to mileage at the
same rate as prescribed by law for employees of the State of Texas.
(Amended Nov. 4, 1930, Nov. 2, 1954, Nov. 8, 1960, April 22, 1975, and Nov. 5, 1991.)
Sec. 24a. TEXAS ETHICS COMMISSION. (a) The Texas Ethics Commission is a state agency
consisting of the following eight members:
(1) two members of different political parties appointed by the governor from a list of at least 10
names submitted by the members of the house of representatives from each political party
required by law to hold a primary;
(2) two members of different political parties appointed by the governor from a list of at least 10
names submitted by the members of the senate from each political party required by law to hold
a primary;
(3) two members of different political parties appointed by the speaker of the house of
representatives from a list of at least 10 names submitted by the members of the house from
each political party required by law to hold a primary; and
(4) two members of different political parties appointed by the lieutenant governor from a list
of at least 10 names submitted by the members of the senate from each political party required
by law to hold a primary.
(b) The governor may reject all names on any list submitted under Subsection (a)(1) or (2) of
this section and require a new list to be submitted. The members of the commission shall elect
annually the chairman of the commission.
(c) With the exception of the initial appointees, commission members serve for four-year
terms. Each appointing official will make one initial appointment for a two-year term and one
initial appointment for a four-year term. A vacancy on the commission shall be filled for the
unexpired portion of the term in the same manner as the original appointment. A member who
has served for one term and any part of a second term is not eligible for reappointment.
(d) The commission has the powers and duties provided by law.
(e) The commission may recommend the salary of the members of the legislature and may
recommend that the salary of the speaker of the house of representatives and the lieutenant
governor be set at an amount higher than that of other members. The commission shall set the
per diem of members of the legislature and the lieutenant governor, and the per diem shall
reflect reasonable estimates of costs and may be raised or lowered biennially as necessary to
pay those costs, but the per diem may not exceed during a calendar year the amount allowed as
of January 1 of that year for federal income tax purposes as a deduction for living expenses
incurred in a legislative day by a state legislator in connection with the legislator's business as
a legislator, disregarding any exception in federal law for legislators residing near the Capitol.
(f) At each general election for state and county officers following a proposed change in salary,
the voters shall approve or disapprove the salary recommended by the commission if the
commission recommends a change in salary. If the voters disapprove the salary, the salary
continues at the amount paid immediately before disapproval until another amount is
recommended by the commission and approved by the voters. If the voters approve the salary,
the approved salary takes effect January 1 of the next odd-numbered year.
Added Nov. 5, 1991.)
Sec. 25. SENATORIAL DISTRICTS. The State shall be divided into Senatorial Districts of
contiguous territory, and each district shall be entitled to elect one Senator.
(Amended Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 25: See Appendix,
Note 3.)
Sec. 26. APPORTIONMENT OF MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The members of
the House of Representatives shall be apportioned among the several counties, according to the
number of population in each, as nearly as may be, on a ratio obtained by dividing the
population of the State, as ascertained by the most recent United States census, by the number
of members of which the House is composed; provided, that whenever a single county has
sufficient population to be entitled to a Representative, such county shall be formed into a
separate Representative District, and when two or more counties are required to make up the
ratio of representation, such counties shall be contiguous to each other; and when any one
county has more than sufficient population to be entitled to one or more Representatives, such
Representative or Representatives shall be apportioned to such county, and for any surplus of
population it may be joined in a Representative District with any other contiguous county or
counties.
Sec. 26a. (Repealed Nov. 2, 1999.)
(TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. 26a: See Appendix, Note 1.)
Sec. 27. ELECTIONS. Elections for Senators and Representatives shall be general throughout
the State, and shall be regulated by law.
Sec. 28. TIME FOR APPORTIONMENT; APPORTIONMENT BY LEGISLATIVE REDISTRICTING
BOARD. The Legislature shall, at its first regular session after the publication of each United
States decennial census, apportion the state into senatorial and representative districts,
agreeable to the provisions of Sections 25 and 26 of this Article. In the event the Legislature
shall at any such first regular session following the publication of a United States decennial
census, fail to make such apportionment, same shall be done by the Legislative Redistricting
Board of Texas, which is hereby created, and shall be composed of five (5) members, as follows:
The Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Attorney General, the
Comptroller of Public Accounts and the Commissioner of the General Land Office, a majority of
whom shall constitute a quorum. Said Board shall assemble in the City of Austin within ninety
(90) days after the final adjournment of such regular session. The Board shall, within sixty
(60) days after assembling, apportion the state into senatorial and representative districts, or
into senatorial or representative districts, as the failure of action of such Legislature may make
necessary. Such apportionment shall be in writing and signed by three (3) or more of the
members of the Board duly acknowledged as the act and deed of such Board, and, when so
executed and filed with the Secretary of State, shall have force and effect of law. Such
apportionment shall become effective at the next succeeding statewide general election. The
Supreme Court of Texas shall have jurisdiction to compel such Board to perform its duties in
accordance with the provisions of this section by writ of mandamus or other extraordinary
writs conformable to the usages of law. The Legislature shall provide necessary funds for
clerical and technical aid and for other expenses incidental to the work of the Board, and the
Lieutenant Governor and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall be entitled to receive
per diem and travel expense during the Board's session in the same manner and amount as
they would receive while attending a special session of the Legislature.
(Amended Nov. 2, 1948, and Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 28:
See Appendix, Note 3.)
Sec. 29. ENACTING CLAUSE OF LAWS. The enacting clause of all laws shall be: "Be it enacted by
the Legislature of the State of Texas."
Sec. 30. LAWS PASSED BY BILL; AMENDMENTS CHANGING PURPOSE. No law shall be passed,
except by bill, and no bill shall be so amended in its passage through either House, as to change
its original purpose.
Sec. 31. ORIGINATION IN EITHER HOUSE; AMENDMENT. Bills may originate in either House,
and, when passed by such House, may be amended, altered or rejected by the other.
Sec. 32. READING ON THREE SEVERAL DAYS; SUSPENSION OF RULE. No bill shall have the
force of a law, until it has been read on three several days in each House, and free discussion
allowed thereon; but four-fifths of the House, in which the bill may be pending, may suspend
this rule, the yeas and nays being taken on the question of suspension, and entered upon the
journals.
(Amended Nov. 2, 1999.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. 32: See Appendix,
Note 1.)
Sec. 33. REVENUE BILLS. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of
Representatives.
(Amended Nov. 2, 1999.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. 33: See Appendix,
Note 1.)
Sec. 34. DEFEATED BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. After a bill has been considered and defeated by
either House of the Legislature, no bill containing the same substance, shall be passed into a
law during the same session. After a resolution has been acted on and defeated, no resolution
containing the same substance, shall be considered at the same session.
Sec. 35. SUBJECTS AND TITLES OF BILLS. (a) No bill, (except general appropriation bills, which
may embrace the various subjects and accounts, for and on account of which moneys are
appropriated) shall contain more than one subject.
(b) The rules of procedure of each house shall require that the subject of each bill be expressed
in its title in a manner that gives the legislature and the public reasonable notice of that
subject. The legislature is solely responsible for determining compliance with the rule.
(c) A law, including a law enacted before the effective date of this subsection, may not be held
void on the basis of an insufficient title.
(Subsec. (a) amended and (b) and (c) added Nov. 4, 1986.)
Sec. 36. REVIVAL OR AMENDME
(a) Members of the Legislature shall receive from the Public Treasury a salary of Six Hundred
Dollars ($600) per month, unless a greater amount is recommended by the Texas Ethics
Commission and approved by the voters of this State in which case the salary is that amount.
Each member shall also receive a per diem set by the Texas Ethics Commission for each day
during each Regular and Special Session of the Legislature.
(b) No Regular Session shall be of longer duration than one hundred and forty (140) days.
(c) In addition to the per diem the Members of each House shall be entitled to mileage at the
same rate as prescribed by law for employees of the State of Texas.
(Amended Nov. 4, 1930, Nov. 2, 1954, Nov. 8, 1960, April 22, 1975, and Nov. 5, 1991.)
Sec. 24a. TEXAS ETHICS COMMISSION. (a) The Texas Ethics Commission is a state agency
consisting of the following eight members:
(1) two members of different political parties appointed by the governor from a list of at least 10
names submitted by the members of the house of representatives from each political party
required by law to hold a primary;
(2) two members of different political parties appointed by the governor from a list of at least 10
names submitted by the members of the senate from each political party required by law to hold
a primary;
(3) two members of different political parties appointed by the speaker of the house of
representatives from a list of at least 10 names submitted by the members of the house from
each political party required by law to hold a primary; and
(4) two members of different political parties appointed by the lieutenant governor from a list
of at least 10 names submitted by the members of the senate from each political party required
by law to hold a primary.
(b) The governor may reject all names on any list submitted under Subsection (a)(1) or (2) of
this section and require a new list to be submitted. The members of the commission shall elect
annually the chairman of the commission.
(c) With the exception of the initial appointees, commission members serve for four-year
terms. Each appointing official will make one initial appointment for a two-year term and one
initial appointment for a four-year term. A vacancy on the commission shall be filled for the
unexpired portion of the term in the same manner as the original appointment. A member who
has served for one term and any part of a second term is not eligible for reappointment.
(d) The commission has the powers and duties provided by law.
(e) The commission may recommend the salary of the members of the legislature and may
recommend that the salary of the speaker of the house of representatives and the lieutenant
governor be set at an amount higher than that of other members. The commission shall set the
per diem of members of the legislature and the lieutenant governor, and the per diem shall
reflect reasonable estimates of costs and may be raised or lowered biennially as necessary to
pay those costs, but the per diem may not exceed during a calendar year the amount allowed as
of January 1 of that year for federal income tax purposes as a deduction for living expenses
incurred in a legislative day by a state legislator in connection with the legislator's business as
a legislator, disregarding any exception in federal law for legislators residing near the Capitol.
(f) At each general election for state and county officers following a proposed change in salary,
the voters shall approve or disapprove the salary recommended by the commission if the
commission recommends a change in salary. If the voters disapprove the salary, the salary
continues at the amount paid immediately before disapproval until another amount is
recommended by the commission and approved by the voters. If the voters approve the salary,
the approved salary takes effect January 1 of the next odd-numbered year.
Added Nov. 5, 1991.)
Sec. 25. SENATORIAL DISTRICTS. The State shall be divided into Senatorial Districts of
contiguous territory, and each district shall be entitled to elect one Senator.
(Amended Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 25: See Appendix,
Note 3.)
Sec. 26. APPORTIONMENT OF MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The members of
the House of Representatives shall be apportioned among the several counties, according to the
number of population in each, as nearly as may be, on a ratio obtained by dividing the
population of the State, as ascertained by the most recent United States census, by the number
of members of which the House is composed; provided, that whenever a single county has
sufficient population to be entitled to a Representative, such county shall be formed into a
separate Representative District, and when two or more counties are required to make up the
ratio of representation, such counties shall be contiguous to each other; and when any one
county has more than sufficient population to be entitled to one or more Representatives, such
Representative or Representatives shall be apportioned to such county, and for any surplus of
population it may be joined in a Representative District with any other contiguous county or
counties.
Sec. 26a. (Repealed Nov. 2, 1999.)
(TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. 26a: See Appendix, Note 1.)
Sec. 27. ELECTIONS. Elections for Senators and Representatives shall be general throughout
the State, and shall be regulated by law.
Sec. 28. TIME FOR APPORTIONMENT; APPORTIONMENT BY LEGISLATIVE REDISTRICTING
BOARD. The Legislature shall, at its first regular session after the publication of each United
States decennial census, apportion the state into senatorial and representative districts,
agreeable to the provisions of Sections 25 and 26 of this Article. In the event the Legislature
shall at any such first regular session following the publication of a United States decennial
census, fail to make such apportionment, same shall be done by the Legislative Redistricting
Board of Texas, which is hereby created, and shall be composed of five (5) members, as follows:
The Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Attorney General, the
Comptroller of Public Accounts and the Commissioner of the General Land Office, a majority of
whom shall constitute a quorum. Said Board shall assemble in the City of Austin within ninety
(90) days after the final adjournment of such regular session. The Board shall, within sixty
(60) days after assembling, apportion the state into senatorial and representative districts, or
into senatorial or representative districts, as the failure of action of such Legislature may make
necessary. Such apportionment shall be in writing and signed by three (3) or more of the
members of the Board duly acknowledged as the act and deed of such Board, and, when so
executed and filed with the Secretary of State, shall have force and effect of law. Such
apportionment shall become effective at the next succeeding statewide general election. The
Supreme Court of Texas shall have jurisdiction to compel such Board to perform its duties in
accordance with the provisions of this section by writ of mandamus or other extraordinary
writs conformable to the usages of law. The Legislature shall provide necessary funds for
clerical and technical aid and for other expenses incidental to the work of the Board, and the
Lieutenant Governor and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall be entitled to receive
per diem and travel expense during the Board's session in the same manner and amount as
they would receive while attending a special session of the Legislature.
(Amended Nov. 2, 1948, and Nov. 6, 2001.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 28:
See Appendix, Note 3.)
Sec. 29. ENACTING CLAUSE OF LAWS. The enacting clause of all laws shall be: "Be it enacted by
the Legislature of the State of Texas."
Sec. 30. LAWS PASSED BY BILL; AMENDMENTS CHANGING PURPOSE. No law shall be passed,
except by bill, and no bill shall be so amended in its passage through either House, as to change
its original purpose.
Sec. 31. ORIGINATION IN EITHER HOUSE; AMENDMENT. Bills may originate in either House,
and, when passed by such House, may be amended, altered or rejected by the other.
Sec. 32. READING ON THREE SEVERAL DAYS; SUSPENSION OF RULE. No bill shall have the
force of a law, until it has been read on three several days in each House, and free discussion
allowed thereon; but four-fifths of the House, in which the bill may be pending, may suspend
this rule, the yeas and nays being taken on the question of suspension, and entered upon the
journals.
(Amended Nov. 2, 1999.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. 32: See Appendix,
Note 1.)
Sec. 33. REVENUE BILLS. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of
Representatives.
(Amended Nov. 2, 1999.) (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. 33: See Appendix,
Note 1.)
Sec. 34. DEFEATED BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. After a bill has been considered and defeated by
either House of the Legislature, no bill containing the same substance, shall be passed into a
law during the same session. After a resolution has been acted on and defeated, no resolution
containing the same substance, shall be considered at the same session.
Sec. 35. SUBJECTS AND TITLES OF BILLS. (a) No bill, (except general appropriation bills, which
may embrace the various subjects and accounts, for and on account of which moneys are
appropriated) shall contain more than one subject.
(b) The rules of procedure of each house shall require that the subject of each bill be expressed
in its title in a manner that gives the legislature and the public reasonable notice of that
subject. The legislature is solely responsible for determining compliance with the rule.
(c) A law, including a law enacted before the effective date of this subsection, may not be held
void on the basis of an insufficient title.
(Subsec. (a) amended and (b) and (c) added Nov. 4, 1986.)
Sec. 36. REVIVAL OR AMENDME
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